From San Giovanni to Gurdić! Discover the impressive fortifications of Kotor

Kotor, a historical city on the Bay of Kotor, is known for its network of fortifications and city walls that bear witness to the turbulent past of this area. From the Illyrian beginnings through Byzantine and Venetian domination until the Ottoman attack, the fortification system was the key to its preservation. Many centuries later, UNESCO also recognized it as a World Heritage site because of its exceptional value, which truly makes this city worth exploring.

To bring that experience closer to you or perhaps guide you on which historical sights to visit, we have compiled a list of the key fortifications that make up this complex:

Kotor, Photo: falco, Pixabay

SAN GIOVANNI FORTRESS (ST. JOHN)

This fort, built at a height of about 260 meters, offers a spectacular view of the city and the bay. It is believed that it was originally built in 532 during the Byzantine era, but the Venetians expanded it in the 16th century and modernized its structure to resist Ottoman attacks. A path with 1300 steps leads to the fortress, making it the most famous landmark of Kotor.

Fortress of San Giovanni, Photo: fotokon, Depositphotos

KAMPANA TOWER AND BASTION

Kampana, a circular tower from the 13th century, is located on the western part of the walls by the sea and the river Škurda. It served as a key point of the city’s defense and provided 360-degree protection of the harbor entrance. It is connected to the Valier bastion from the 16th century, reconstructed after the great earthquake in 1667.

Kampana bastion, Kotor, Photo: Marcin Konsek

GURDIC BASTION

The southern part of the old city walls of Kotor is protected by the Gurdić bastion, which was built in the 15th century at a strategic location where the hill meets the sea. The bastion protected the southern gate of the city known for being able to be completely closed due to a natural water source that served as additional protection.

Gurdić bastion, Photo: CivArmy, CC BY 4.0

BEMBO BASTION

Built-in the 16th century, the Bembo bastion is located on the northern walls of Kotor and is today recognizable by its shape and historical importance. It played a key role in defending the city, especially during Venetian rule. Today, it serves as a place for cultural events.

Bembo bastion, Photo: Emirhan Emiroğlu, Pexels

Now that you know more about these historical landmarks, I invite you to explore them for yourself! Climbing up to the fortress of San Giovanni or walking along the city walls will give you a unique experience of the past of this city.

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